The topic of celebrating birthdays in Islam is not directly addressed in the Quran or Hadith. However, scholars have derived their opinions based on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and the objectives of Shariah (Maqasid al-Shariah). Here is a detailed exploration of the issue:
The Quran does not mention the celebration of birthdays explicitly, and also there are no Hadith that specifically mention the celebration of birthdays.
Scholarly Opinions
- Scholars like Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn al-Qayyim argue that celebrating birthdays is an innovation (bid’ah) in religion, as it was not practiced by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ or his companions.
- Imam Malik was also against innovations in religion, stressing adherence to the practices of the Prophet and his companions.
- Sheikh Abdul Aziz Ibn Baz and Sheikh Muhammad Ibn Uthaymeen acknowledged that while celebrating birthdays is not part of Islamic tradition, it does not necessarily fall under major prohibitions if it remains a simple family gathering without any un-Islamic elements.
Conclusion
The celebration of birthdays in Islam is a matter of scholarly debate. The prohibitionist view considers it an innovation and imitation of non-Muslim practices. The permissibility view sees it as a non-religious cultural practice that is acceptable if it aligns with Islamic values. Muslims are advised to consider the intentions and practices involved in such celebrations and strive to adhere to Islamic principles.